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Faith

Scripture defines faith (πίστις) as the substance of that which is hoped for, the conviction of accomplished deeds not seen in Hebrews 11:1. It is therefore not an attitude or belief that is dictated by probability, that is wishful thinking based upon a desire, want, or need; rather, it is a conviction based upon a promise.

Substance is referring to the underlying essence by which something exists. Christ is the exact image of God in the flesh. Through His life the fundamental nature of God was made visible to humans, Hebrews 1:3.

Conviction is the act of presenting evidence to persuade a person’s mind to believe in the truth. This evidence is established upon accomplished deeds that are not seen. We see this demonstrated in the actions of God when He determined to show the heirs of promise the immutability of His determination by giving two immutable facts, it is impossible for God to lie and making an oath based upon His word, Hebrews 6:13-18. The conviction of faith is therefore based upon the facts related to accomplished deeds that God has done.

Therefore, faith is the essence of that which is hoped for, and by the conviction based upon the facts of the promise that hope is based upon, the individual expressing belief will act according to their confidence in the person making the promise.

Many times in Scripture Jesus called out the faith of those around Him, especially of those who would not normally have faith. When a Centurion, a Gentile, asked Jesus to heal his servant, he expressed faith in the fact that Christ is the Messiah promised to the Jews by only asking that Jesus speaks the words, for one who is of authority only […]

Faith2023-12-14T08:12:55-08:00

The Calamity of Disobedience

Because of this, just as through one man the sin entered the world and through the sin the death, also thus unto all men the death passed, on the basis that all sinned. – Romans 5:12

Through Adam sin came into the world and the impact of his action was a penalty of death upon all those who come from him. When Adam took of the fruit from the tree in the garden, which God specifically instructed him not to eat from, he knowingly broke God’s rule.

and Adam was not deceived, but the woman was thoroughly deceived and came to be in a transgression- 1 Timothy 2:14

God told Adam that if he ate from this tree, it would bring death.

But from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you will not eat, because in the day in which you eat dying you will die. – Genesis 2:17

As humans at this time, we were in a state of innocence. This means we relied solely upon God to instruct us on what was beneficial and what caused calamity in our lives. God walked with Adam each day for this very purpose. Eve was tricked into believing that by eating she would be more like God with the knowledge of good and evil, not understanding the full ramifications of her actions. However, Adam did understand and still chose to eat of the fruit. It was never about the fruit, it was about obedience. In each dispensation God shows us something about ourselves. Why does God permit wickedness? It comes down to the fact that we as humans chose it. In the garden there was no wickedness among humans. We lived in a perfect environment totally relying upon God. This […]

The Calamity of Disobedience2023-12-14T08:37:35-08:00

Optative Mood

The Optative Mood

The mood of strong contingency or possibility. It expresses no definite anticipation of realization, rather, it only presents the action as conceivable.

The Volitive Optative (Wishes)

This use denotes a wish. It is the ordinary verbal form for expressing wishes and is the most common use of the optative.

The Potential Optative (Futuristic)

This use signifies what would happen on the fulfillment of some supposed condition. It is used in a clause which implies condition. The particle ἄν usually occurs with this use. It simply states that a thing could, or might be possible.

The Deliberative Optative

The Optative is used a few times in the New Testament to express indirect questions. This use involves ἔιν (third person singular of the Present of εἰμίv). Normally an indirect question is expressed by the Indicative; however, the Optative gives the question a more tentative and cautious tone.

The Conditional Optative

This use, using ἄν or εί, is related to the potential Optative. The condition of the Optative is part of the fourth-class conditional sentence. Either the είv in the protasis with the Optative or the ἄν in the apodosis with the Optative will be found, but not both at the same time.

The Optative in Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Speech

 

The Optative is used in clauses introduced by πρίν ἥ.

Optative Mood = Not Likely (Wishful)

Present

Future

1st Aorist

2nd Aorist

1st Perfect

2nd Perfect

Future Perfect

© 2017 Luther Walker | All Rights Reserved | This book or any potion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations […]

Optative Mood2023-12-11T12:17:26-08:00

Subjunctive Mood

The Subjunctive Mood

Denotes that which is objectively possible, contingent upon certain existing and known facts.

The Hortatory Subjunctive

The speaker or writer uses the first person plural to exhort others to join with him in an action. It is translated “let us.” Here the subjunctive may be used in a main clause to express exhortation, request, or proposal, thus supplying the lack of the first person in the imperative mood.

The Subjunctive of Prohibition

 

This use nearly always employs the second person aorist subjunctive to express a negative entreaty or command. It forbids the beginning of an act and may be translated “don’t even start…”. The third person may be used with dependent clauses of fear or warning in addition to prohibition.

The Deliberative Subjunctive

This use denotes perplexity on the part of the writer or speaker. He uses the subjunctive to express a question which is either a simple rhetorical device which expects no answer at all, or a real question which expects an answer in the imperative mood.

The Subjunctive of Emphatic Negation

The double negative οὐ μή is employed for special stress. It is the strongest way to negate a future activity.

The Final Subjunctive

In this use the subjunctive occurs in a subordinate clause to express purpose. This usual construction employs ἳνα, However occasionally ὃπως or ὣς is used.

When the present subjunctive is used the action of the verb is prolonged or repeated.

When the aorist is used a single action is described or there is no stress on the continuation of the activity.

When the perfect subjunctive is used the completed state of the probable action is emphasized.

The Probable Future Subjunctive

Subjunctive Mood2023-12-11T12:17:37-08:00

Indicative Mood

The Indicative  Mood

Indicates the verbal idea as actual.

The Declarative Indicative

This use of the indicative makes a simple statement of fact.

The Interrogative Indicative

The indicative mood is used to ask a simple question. Reality is implied in a fact asked about in the indicative mood.

The Cohortative Indicative

The indicative may be used to express a command or a strong suggestion. This is especially true of the future indicative.

The Potential Indicative

The indicative is sometimes accompanied by the idea of contingency. This idea is given by the use of ἄν, the meaning of the verb, or by context. ἄν may or may not be used.

The indicative may be used to express a necessity and from the necessity an obligation. Usually with ἔδει.

Wish (unfulfilled- ὀφείλον – would that) or impulse.

Used in Certain Forms of Conditions

Positive and Negative

οὐ – expects an affirmative reply

μή – expects a negative answer

Indicative Mood = Reality

Imperfect

Active

ἔλυ (ον)                      ἐλύ (ομεν)

ἔλυ (ες)                       ἐλύ (ετε)

ἔλυ (ς)                         ἔλυ (ον)

Middle / Passive

ἐλυ (ὀμην)                ἐλυ (ὀμεθα)

ἐλύ (ου)                      ἐλύ (εσθε)

ἐλύ (ετο)                    ἐλυ (όντο)

Present

Active

λύ(ω)                          λύ (ομεν)

λύ (εις                        λύ (ετε)

λύ (ει)                         λύ (ουσι)

Middle / Passive

λύ (ομαι)                   λυ (όμεθα)

λύ (ῃ)                          λύ (εσθε)

λύ (εται)                    λύ (ονται)

Future

Active

λύ (σω)                      λύ (σομεν)

λύ (σεις)                    λύ (σετε)

λύ (σει)                      λύ (σουσι)

Middle

λύ (σομαι)                λύ (σομεθα)

λύ (σῃ)                       λύ (σεθε)

λυ (σεται)                 λύ (σονται)

Passive

λυ (θήσομαι)           λυ (θησόμεθα)

λυ (θήσῃ)                  λυ (θήσεσθε)

λυ (θήεται)               λυ (θήσονται)

1st Aorist

Active

ἔλυ (σα)                      ἔλυ (σαμεν)

Indicative Mood2023-12-11T12:17:48-08:00
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