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To Hold Down (κατέχω)

To hold down (κατέχω) conveys the act of preventing, hindering, or holding onto something or someone.

In the parable of the land owner who planted a vineyard and leased it out so that he could go to a far away country, the vinedressers sought to hold down his son’s inheritance by killing him (Matthew 21:38). By slaying the heir, they perceived that they would be able to prevent the owner from taking what was rightfully his.

While talking about the Kingdom of the Heavens and how the message is impacting those hearing it, Jesus speaks the parable of the sower and the seeds. Unlike the message of salvation today, which holds an inherent ability to save a person (Romans 1:16), the good news of the Kingdom of the Heavens could be snatched out of the heart of those who heard it. However, those who heard the word with a proper and good heart, prevented the loss of the message in their heart, resulting in bearing fruit (Luke 8:15). Therefore, their lives were impacted by the message of the Messiah because they believed God.

A quality of the wrath of God is manifested today against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who hold down the truth in unrighteousness (Romans 1:18). The wicked do not succeed because they evade justice, but rather, because God gives them over to uncleanness and the strong desires of their hearts due to their rejection of the truth. As a result, their minds become depraved, calling good evil while being filled with all forms of unrighteousness, thus bringing upon themselves the fullness of judgment (Romans 1:32).

When we were in the flesh, the sinful passions aroused by the law were at work in our […]

To Hold Down (κατέχω)Luther Walker2024-11-21T05:57:43-08:00

Armor for the Christian Life

Within Scripture, two sets of armor are described for the Christian. Panoplia (πανοπλία) is the heavy armor used by Roman soldiers for defense. Hopion (ὅπλον) expresses a weapon of warfare that can included armor.

When the Chief Priests and Pharisees dispatched a troop of roman soldiers to arrest Jesus, they came armed with weapons (ὅπλον), John 18:3.

As we apply the truth to overcome the desires from the sin nature, after reckoning to ourselves that we have died with Christ and are co-raised with Him to walk in newness of life, we are to yield our members as instruments (ὅπλον) of righteousness, Romans 6:13.

The night is well spent, the day is near. Therefore, we are to cast of the works of darkness, putting on the armor (ὅπλον) of light, Romans 13:12, so that we walk properly as in the day, having put on Christ as our outer garment so that we are making no provisions for the flesh and its desires, Romans 13:13-14. This armor (ὅπλον) includes the breastplate of faith and the helmet of salvation, 1 Thessalonians 5:8.

When dealing with persecution and tribulation, we are to commend ourselves as those who belong to God by the internet ability of God, through the use of the armor (ὅπλον) of righteousness, 2 Corinthians 6:7.

Our daily armaments (ὅπλον) of warfare are not carnal but in the inherent ability of God we use them to tear down strongholds, which are the reasonings that exalt themselves above God, bringing the working of our minds into obedience to the Christ, 2 Corinthians 10:4-5.

Panoplia (πανοπλία) is our heavy armor that is used when we are attacked by Satan so that we are able to stand firm against him, Ephesians 6:11. With […]

Armor for the Christian LifeLuther Walker2024-11-14T06:34:39-08:00

Biblical Greek First Year Lesson 10

Class Notes

First Declension Nouns

The First Declension

The first declension encompasses primarily feminine nouns because they are characterized by certain endings and follow a specific pattern in their cases.

First Declension Endings:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	α / η	αι
Genitive/Ablative	ας / ης	ῶν
Dative/Locative/Instrumental	ᾳ / ῃ	αις
Accusative	αν / ην	ας
Vocative	α / η	αι

Nominative Singular: Ends in α or η. The naming case, typically used for the subject.

Genitive/Ablative Singular: ας or ης. Genitive expresses limitation. Ablative emphasizes source or separation.

Dative/Locative/Instrumental Singular: ᾳ or ῃ, used for indirect objects. It is the case of personal association.

Accusative Singular: αν or ην, the direct object form.

Vocative Singular: Usually identical to the nominative and used for direct address.

Plural Forms: The nominative and vocative plural end is αι, genitive/ablative is ῶν, dative/locative/instrumental is αις (for indirect objects), and accusative plural is ας.

The Article Agreement

Nouns take articles and adjectives that agree in gender, number, and case. Feminine nouns take the feminine forms of articles and adjectives, and masculine nouns take masculine forms.

Feminine Definite Article Forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ἡ	αἱ
Genitive/Ablative	τῆς	τῶν
Dative/Locative/Instrumental	τῇ	ταῖς
Accusative	τήν	τάς

Masculine Definite Article Forms:

Although the First Declension is primarily feminine, a few masculine nouns belong to this declension (e.g., μαθητής, “disciple”; νεανίας, “young man”).

The masculine article forms applied to First Declension nouns are as follows:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ὁ	οἱ
Genitive/Ablative	τοῦ	τῶν
Dative/Locative/Instrumental	τῷ	τοῖς
Accusative	τόν	τούς

Examples of the article with First Declension Nouns:

Feminine First Declension Example (χώρα – “country”):
- Singular:
  - Nominative: ἡ χώρα – “the country”
  - Genitive/Ablative: τῆς χώρας – “of/from the country”
  - Dative/Locative/Instrumental: τῇ χώρᾳ – ” for/with/by the country”
  - Accusative: τήν χώραν – “the country” (direct object)
- Plural:
  - Nominative: αἱ χῶραι – “the countries”
  - Genitive/Ablative: τῶν χωρῶν – ” of/from the countries”
  - Dative/Locative/Instrumental: ταῖς χώραις – ” for/with/by the countries”

Biblical Greek First Year Lesson 10Luther Walker2024-11-10T07:07:03-08:00

Begotten (γεννάω)

Begotten (γεννάω) is predominately used regarding birth; however, it is not restricted in use to only producing a child. It is used in genealogies to connect the father with his children. Abraham begot Isaac, Matthew 1:2, and the results of an action. Paul begot the Corinthian saints, 1 Corinthians 4:15, and became a parent to Onesimus, Philemon 10. Therefore, begotten (γεννάω) is not limited to a birthing term. Its root meaning expresses producing something, hence, bringing forth.

While Joseph was considering how to deal with his fiancé who had become pregnant before he knew her, an angel appeared to him in a dream informing him that the thing that is begotten in Mary’s womb is from the Holy Spirit, Matthew 1:20. Although Christ had not been born at this time, God the Father and the Holy Spirit brought forth a body that was being developed in Mary’s womb. Around two years after Jesus’ birth (when he was begotten from the womb), three wisemen from the east came looking for Him because of the star that was prophesied about through Daniel, Matthew 2:1. Therefore, because of its underlying meaning, begotten (γεννάω) can relate to a child in the womb along with one who has been born.

Begotten (γεννάω) is also used for the condition in which a person is born along with how their birth came about. Some eunuchs are begotten, brought forth as a eunuch, from their mother’s womb, Matthew 19:12. The Pharisees accuse Jesus of being born out of fornication, John 8:41. They also accuse a man who was born blind of being begotten in sin due to his birth defect, John 9:34. Paul’s Roman citizenship was brought forth because of where and to […]

Begotten (γεννάω)Luther Walker2024-11-07T06:01:36-08:00

Biblical Greek First Year Lesson 9

Class Notes

Imperfect Indicative Middle and Passive

The Imperfect Indicative Middle and Passive are grammatical construction that expresses an action being performed on the subject (passive voice) or by the subject for the subject’s benefit (middle voice) and occurring continuously or repeatedly in the past (imperfect tense). This tense is used when describing events that were ongoing, habitual, or repeated over a period of time, rather than a single, completed action.

The Imperfect Indicative Middle and Passive Endings:

Singular

1st Person: – όμην

2nd Person: – ου

3rd Person: – ετο

Plural

1st Person: – όμεθα

2nd Person: – εσθε

3rd Person: – οντο

The imperfect Tense indicated action in the past, up to the point of writing. It is ongoing or repetitive action occurring in the past.

The indicative mood is used to express a statement as factual or reality. Therefore, the action is perceived as real or certain.

The passive voice emphasis that action of the verb being performed on the subject. Where the middle expresses the subject performs the action and is directly involved in its effect or outcome; therefore, done for the subject’s own benefit, on themselves, or in some reciprocal manner.

Imperfect Indicative Middle/Passive conjugation using λύω (to loose).

Singular

1st Person: ἐλυόμην – I was loosing (for myself)

2nd Person: ἐλύου – You were loosing (for yourself)

3rd Person: ἐλύετο – He/She/It was loosing (for him/her/itself)

Plural

1st Person: ἐλυόμεθα – We were loosing (for ourselves)

2nd Person: ἐλύεσθε – You all were loosing (for yourselves)

3rd Person: ἐλύοντο – They were loosing (for themselves)

Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive Examples:

ἐγίνετο (from γίνομαι – “to become” or “to […]

Biblical Greek First Year Lesson 9Luther Walker2024-11-03T15:36:32-08:00

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