Need a new search
If you didn't find what you were looking for, try a new search!
Adjectives
Adjectives
Adjectives refer to nouns in two ways: either as an attribute or as a predicate.
Attributive
The attributive use of the adjective qualifies the noun, to describe, without any assertion about it. The attributive is an adherent description.
The Position: ὀ πίστος δοῦλος or ὀ δοῦλος ὀ πίστος
Note: the adjective comes immediately after the article.
Predicate
The predicate use of the adjective makes an assertion about the noun. The predicate is an additional statement.
The Position: ὀ δοῦλος πίστος or πίστος ὀ δοῦλος
Note: The adjective does not come immediately after the article but either precedes the article or follows the noun.
The Adjective used as a noun
ὁ ἀγαθός “the good man”.
The Adjective used as an adverb
The adjective is in direct relation to the verbal idea. Determined by whether the adjective is more closely associated with the verb or the noun. Comparison can be seen in John 10:40 and Mark 4:28. In John 10:40 the adjective is more intimately associated with the verb “to be” rendering a reading of “The place where John first baptized.” Where in Mark 4:28 the adjective is modifying the noun.
The Adjective used in Comparison
In this usage, the verb and its object are derived from the same root. It is used sometimes for emphasis. Basically, it repeats and explains more fully the idea expressed by the verb.
The Comparative Degree
Expressed by the positive adjective with a prepositional phrase, followed by ἤ, or followed by μᾶλλον.
Expressed by the comparative adjective followed by ἤ or followed by the ablative.
The Superlative Degree
The majority of the superlatives are used for emphasis in the New Testament, in the sense of very or exceedingly. […]
Accusative Case
The Accusative Case
The case of limitation or extension.
The Accusative of Direct Object
The most common use of the Accusative is as the object of a transitive verb (a verb whose action passes over to the noun). This use is also described as the Accusative with Transitive Verbs.
The Adverbial Accusative
In this use, the Accusative limits in an indirect way. It functions as an adverbial modifier. It modifies a verb rather than serving as a direct object. It is sometimes referred to as “the Accusative of General Reference.” This is not very common in the N.T. except in the case of the pure adverb.
The Adverbial Accusative of Measure
The word in the Accusative indicates how the action of the verb takes place. It answers the question “how?”.
The Adverbial Accusative of Reference
The word in the Accusative indicates what the action of the verb refers to by answering the question “with reference to what?” This use also includes the Accusative of General Reference, i.e. a word in the Accusative used much like a subject with an infinitive.
The Cognate Accusative
In this usage, the verb and its object are derived from the same root. It is used sometimes for emphasis. Basically, it repeats and explains more fully the idea expressed by the verb.
The Double Accusative
Some verbs require two objects to complete their meaning. This use is really an expansion of the Accusative of Direct Object from one object to two objects. Sometimes it may even use three Accusatives.
The Double Accusative with a Personal and Impersonal Object
This is sometimes referred to as the Accusative of the person or of the thing.
The Double Accusative and a Direct and Predicate Object
This use […]
Genitive Case
Genitive Case
The case of definition or description.
The Genitive of Description
This use is closest to the root idea of the case. The genitive limits a noun much like an adjective. It falls under this classification when it does not fit any other. This use is also referred to as “the Attributive Genitive” or “the Qualitative Genitive.” It emphasizes kind.
The Genitive of Possession
The Genitive frequently defines, describes, and limits by denoting ownership.
The Genitive of Relationship
The Genitive may describe a person having some genital or marital relationship with another person. This relationship may extend to a household. In this usage the noun is omitted because it is clear from the context or it is well known to the recipients. The definite article usually occurs in the proper gender along with the Genitive of the person related.
The Adverbial Genitive
The Adverbial Genitive is used to describe, define, and limit as to kind of – time, place, general reference, and measure. The emphasis is this kind and not that kind.
Genitive of Time
Kind of time is defined. It may answer the question “what kind of time?” it is this kind of time in which something takes place, it is this time and not that time.
Genitive of Place
The kind of place is defined. The idea of contact is prominent. It may answer the question “what kind of place?” The emphasis is on kind, i.e. the kind of place within which an event takes place. It is “here and not there.” It limits to a kind of place. This use does not occur frequently in the N.T., since place is usually described by the Locative.
Genitive of Reference
The […]
Nominative Case
Nominative Case
The case of specific designation, the naming case.
The Subject Nominative
This use denotes more specifically who or what produces the action or presents the state expressed by the finite verb. It is otherwise known as the “Nominative of Apposition.”
The Predicate Nominative
This is the use of the Nominative case in apposition after copulative verbs, i.e. εἰμι , γίνομαι, etc. The verb is often left out and must be supplied from the context. This use is sometimes called the “subject compliment.” It occurs where one would expect to find the Accusative case.
The Nominative Absolute
Here the Nominative case stands without connection to the rest of the sentence. It is used in titles to call attention emphatically to the person or thing spoken of. It is also called “the suspended,” “independence” or “hanging” Nominative. It refers to an idea. Most of the examples could fit into other categories.
The Nominative in Exclamations
This use of the Nominative is a sort of interjectional Nominative, which expresses feeling. It occurs without a verb to stress the distinctiveness of a thought.
The Parenthetical Nominative
This use is very similar to the Nominative Absolute. Its function is to explain or expand. Dana and Mantey refer to it under the “Independent Nominative.” Cf. the Nominative Absolute above.
The Nominative of Apposition
This use denotes more specifically who or what produces the action or presents the state expressed by the finite verb. It is otherwise known as the “Subject Nominative.”
The Nominative of Appellation
In this use, a noun or title retains the Nominative form irrespective of contextual relationships. Sometimes it is practically equivalent to quotation marks.
The Nominative Case Unaltered
The noun is not altered to the case of the noun with which it stands in apposition. […]