Clauses

Indicative

Adjectival Clauses

A relative clause is used to directly limit or define a noun, performing a pure adjectival function.

Causal Clauses

The relative clause may denote grounds for the assertion in the main clause.

Concessive Clauses

A relative clause may imply the idea of concession.

Simple Condition

The relative clause may supply the protasis of a simple condition.

Purpose Clauses

The relative clause may express purpose.

Subjunctive

More Probable Condition
The protasis of a more probable future condition may be expressed by the use of the relative pronoun with ἄν.

Voluntative Result
A relative clause may express a result that the context shows was intended or contemplated.

Causal Clauses

Coordinate Causal Clause
The inferential particle γάρ is the regular connective for two coordinate clauses that bear to each other some relation of cause and effect, or reason and conclusion.

Subordinate Causal Clauses
By a Subordinating Conjunction
The Particles used: ὃτι, διότι, καθότι, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, ὃθεν
The Phrases used: ἐφ᾽ ὦ, έφ᾽ ὃσον, ἀνθ᾽ ὦν, οὖ χάριν
By διἀ with the Articular Infinitive
By the Participle
By the relative pronoun

Comparative Clauses

The Particles Used

Those used most are ὡς and καθώς
Compounds of κατά
Compounds of ὡς
The Correlative pronoun ὅσος
The Comparative Particle ἤ
The use of the phrase ὄν τρόπον

Local Clauses

The Particles Used

By ὄπου
By ου
By ὂθεν

Temporal Clauses

With the Indicative

Introduced by ὂτε, ἐπειδή, ὁπότε, ὦς, meaning When.
Introduced by ὂταν, meaning Whenever.
Introduced by ἔως, ἔως οὖ, ἔως ὅτου, ἄχρι οὖ, ἐφ᾽ ὄσον, meaning While.
Introduced by ἔως, ἄχρι, ἄχρι οὖ, meaning Until.
Introduced by ἔως, ἀφ᾽ οὖ, meaning Since