Suffixes and Their Meanings

Greek Suffixes and Their Meanings Verbs

Ending	Meaning
αω εω ευω	Action or State (do or be)
αινω υνω	Causation (except mental action)
αζω	Frequentative or Intensive
ιζω	Causation, Active, becoming, or Instrumental
σειω	Desire
σκω σκε	Inceptive (making, becoming, beginning)

Nouns

Ending	Meaning
της τηρ τωρ ευς ισσα (feminine)	Agent
σις μος	Action or Quality
τρον	Instrumental
μα εια ος	Result of actions or thing itself
οτης ια συνη ος	Quality
ιον ισκος	Diminutive
τηριον ειον	Place or Manner
ολος ωλος ος	Chief Character or Custom, Abundance

Adjectives

Ending	Meaning
ιος ια ιον	Possession, Attributive or Local
ικος ικη ικον	Pertaining to or Character of Ability or Fitness
ιμος ιμη ιμον	Ability or Fitness
ινος ινη ινον σος	Material
ρος ρα ρον	Complete possession or Quality
ης ες	Correlative to noun (cf. Lie -lying)
μων μοω	Attributive action of verb to person
τεος τεα τεον	Obligation or intent
τος τη	Possibility or Actuality

Suffixes and Their MeaningsLuther Walker2023-12-11T12:15:12-08:00

Prepositions

Prepositions

A word placed typically before a noun or pronoun used in place of a noun and indicates the relationships of that noun or pronoun to a verb, an adjective, or another noun or pronoun.

Prepositions Used with One Case

Preposition	Case	Translation
ἀνἀ	Accusative	up, again
ἀπὀ	Ablative	from, away from
έκ	Ablative	from, out from (source), out from within
είς	Accusative	into, unto, with reference to, because of, against (hostility)
πρό	Ablative	before

Prepositions Used with Two Case

Preposition	Case	Translation	Case	Translation
άντί	Ablative	instead of- substitution	Genitive	Against (opposed to)
έν	Locative	in, with in, among (in the plural)	Instrumental	by (means of), with
μετά	Genitive	with (loosely associated with, accompanied by)	Accusative	after
περί	Genitive	about, generally concerning	Accusative	around (position); about (specifically concerning)
σὐν	Dative	together with (intimately)	Locative	with (close association)
ὑπέρ	Genitive	On behalf of, for the sake of, in place of (substitution)	Accusative	over, above, beyond
ὑπο	Ablative	by (direct agency)	Accusative	under

Prepositions Used with Three Case

Preposition	Case	Translation	Case	Translation	Case	Translation
ἐπί	Genitive	upon, on (Emphatic, contact), at, by	Locative	upon, on, at, over (position)	Accusative	upon, on the basis of, on the occasion of, against (oppression). Up to (without going over)
διά	Ablative	possibly – through (source)	Genitive	through (intermediate agency)	Accusative	on account of, because of
κατά	Ablative	down from	Genitive	down upon, against (contrary to)	Accusative	according to, with reference to, as measured by
παρά	Ablative	from (The side of)	Locative	by the side of	Accusative	beside, beyond, against, (contrary to)
πρός

PrepositionsLuther Walker2023-12-11T12:15:24-08:00

Adjectives

Adjectives refer to nouns in two ways: either as an attribute or as a predicate.

Attributive

The attributive use of the adjective qualifies the noun, to describe, without any assertion about it. The attributive is an adherent description.

The Position: ὀ πίστος δοῦλος or ὀ δοῦλος ὀ πίστος

Note: the adjective comes immediately after the article.

Predicate

The predicate use of the adjective makes an assertion about the noun. The predicate is an additional statement.

The Position: ὀ δοῦλος πίστος or πίστος ὀ δοῦλος

Note: The adjective does not come immediately after the article but either precedes the article or follows the noun.

The Adjective used as a noun

ὁ ἀγαθός “the good man”.

The Adjective used as an adverb

The adjective is in direct relation to the verbal idea. Determined by whether the adjective is more closely associated with the verb or the noun. Comparison can be seen in John 10:40 and Mark 4:28. In John 10:40 the adjective is more intimately associated with the verb “to be” rendering a reading of “The place where John first baptized.” Where in Mark 4:28 the adjective is modifying the noun.

The Adjective used in Comparison

In this usage, the verb and its object are derived from the same root. It is used sometimes for emphasis. Basically, it repeats and explains more fully the idea expressed by the verb.

The Comparative Degree

Expressed by the positive adjective with a prepositional phrase, followed by ἤ, or followed by μᾶλλον.

Expressed by the comparative adjective followed by ἤ or followed by the ablative.

The Superlative Degree

The majority of the superlatives are used for emphasis in the New Testament, in the sense of very or exceedingly. […]

AdjectivesLuther Walker2023-12-11T12:12:03-08:00